<p>Lincoln Historic District is a historic district encompassing the community of Lincoln, New Mexico. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The historic district contains 48 structures, some privately-held, 12 mi east of Capitan and 57 mi west of Roswell along USA Route 380.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The National Park Service reviewer of the site, who visited in 1974, believed that it was the best preserved frontier "cow town" in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Seventeen of the buildings are owned by the state of New Mexico and operated as Lincoln Historic Site under the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. Four of the buildings are open as museums year round, and two are open seasonally. It includes a number of buildings, including Wright House, Dr. Wood&#39;s Office, the Watson House, Curry Saloon, Wortley Hotel, Penfield Shop and Home, Tunstall Store, Old Mill, Ellis Store, Old Courthouse, and Montano Store.</p><br>
<p>The town is notable for its famous residents who participated in the Lincoln County War, and as the site of Billy the Kid&#39;s most famous escape in April 1881.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lincoln looks much as it did during the Lincoln County War (1878–1881) when its single street was peopled with characters like Billy the Kid, John Chisum and Lawrence Murphy. Nestled in a valley between the Capitan and Sacramento Mountains of southcentral New Mexico, Lincoln was the scene of Billy the Kid&#39;s most famous escape in April 1881. Billy had been sentenced to be hanged by the neck until dead and was being held prisoner in the Old Lincoln County Courthouse. Somehow he got hold of a six-shooter, killed the two deputies who were guarding him (Bell and Olinger), then stole a horse and rode out of town—only to be tracked down in Fort Sumner and shot dead two months later by Sheriff Pat Garrett.</p><br>
<p>Although Billy the Kid was the most famous character in Lincoln during its violent heyday, he had only a supporting role in the larger story of the Lincoln County War. The "war" was a vicious struggle between two competing economic factions for control of lucrative government contracts and local resources. The two factions, Murphy-Dolan and Tunstall-McSween, fought a series of escalating battles with such murderous ferocity that the repercussions were felt as far away as the state capital Santa Fe and even in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>Museums</h2><br>
<p>Four of the museum buildings are open year round and two are opened seasonally.</p><br>
<p>Old Lincoln County Courthouse - Billy the Kid was held here. Exhibits show the building&#39;s use as a store, residence, Masonic Lodge and eventually courthouse and jail.</p><br>
<p>Tunstall Store - The store&#39;s original 19th century merchandise is on display.</p><br>
<p>Torreon - a 20 ft-high round stone tower originally built near the center of town in the 1860s, served as a refuge during attacks by Mescalero Apaches.</p><br>
<p>Montano Store - Features exhibits on adobe construction and the Hispanic culture that was prevalent during the Lincoln County War.</p><br>
<p>San Juan Mission Church (La Iglesia de San Juan Bautista) - Built in 1887, the Roman Catholic Church is open to the public and is still used for services today.</p><br>
<p>Anderson-Freeman Visitors Center - A non-historical building with exhibits about the town&#39;s history starting with American Indian pre-history up to the Lincoln County War. A video details the history of the war.</p><br>
<p>The Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility, also known historically as the Attitude Control Test Facility, is an experimental spacecraft test facility at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1966 to allow the evaluation of magnetic movement in manned and unmanned spacecraft, and for the precision calibration of magnetometers used in space flight. The building is constructed of non-magnetic materials and contains a magnetic coil system that allows the cancellation of the Earth&#39;s magnetic field. This unique building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The facility is currently managed by the Goddard Mechanical Systems Division.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility is located about 2 mi east of the main campus of the Goddard Space Flight Center, in Building 310-20 on the north side of Good Luck Road. The building is a single-story structure, 60 ft square, and is built entirely out of nonmagnetic materials. The building contains a 42 ft diameter 3-axis Braunbek coil with four loops on each axis. The coil cancels the Earth&#39;s magnetic field within a central 6 ft spherical volume. Fluctuations in the ambient field are removed by a servo control, producing stability to half a nanotesla. An artificial magnetic vector can be produced and rotated at a variable rate. 9.42 ft Helmholtz coils are used for perm/deperm operations. A 6,000 lb monorail hoist is provided to move equipment in and out of the test area. HEPA filtration and air conditioning are provided. A turntable 8 ft in diameter within the chamber is used for precision placement of the test object.</p><br>
<p>The facility was built in 1966, and has been used to determine and minimize the magnetic movement of unmanned spacecraft and to calibrate flight magnetometers since the early years of the United States space program. It is able to (within certain limits) emulate the magnetic conditions found in orbital and interstellar space. It saw significant use until the 1990s. Its instruments are also capable of profiling the magnetic characteristics of the test objects. The facility&#39;s main difficulties have been with deteriorating current amplifiers, with replacements made in the 1970s and 1980s altering its performance characteristics.</p><br>
<p>Oaklawn Cemetery was the first public burial ground in Tampa, Florida, USA. The location was deeded in the mid-19th century and was described as the final resting place for "White and Slave, Rich and Poor". Oaklawn Cemetery is located at the intersection of Morgan Street and Harrison Street in downtown Tampa, about two blocks South of I-275. It has approximately 1,700 graves.</p><br>
<p>Oaklawn Cemetery includes a section for Catholic burials called St. Louis Catholic Cemetery. The two graveyards were added as a Historic District to the USA National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 2017. The Sexton House was used for equipment storage and maintenance activities. The First Mayor of the City of Tampa, Judge Joseph B. Lancaster, is buried at Oaklawn, as is the 6th mayor, James McKay Sr. Others include pirates, slaves, yellow-fever epidemic victims and confederate soldiers. Notable areas and gravesites in the cemetery include the gravesites of Henry Laurens Mitchell, John T. Lesley Family, Samuel Friebele, Charlie Wall, the Hooker Family, James McKay Jr., James C. Field, Joseph B. Lancaster, the Krause Family, the Wall Family, mass graves, gravesite of James T. Magbee, the gravesites of William and Nancy Ashley the "Rural Cemetery", gravesites of John P. Wall, James Gettis, grave art, and the "Cradle Graves".</p><br>
<h2>Saint Louis Catholic Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The northwest section is actually a separate cemetery known as Saint Louis Catholic Cemetery. Established in 1874, it had its own entry gates and was for many years completely separated from Oaklawn by an iron fence. Among those buried in the St. Louis section are the founder of Ybor City, Vicente Martinez Ybor, five pioneer priests (three of whom died in a 15-day period during the 1887 yellow fever epidemic) and Cecilia Morse, the foundress of Catholic parochial education in the Tampa Bay area. A few remnants of the fence are still visible including several brick fence posts with marble finials, the original driveways and the gates that serviced only the St. Louis section. In 2010 and 2011, the Diocese of Saint Petersburg added Catholic Heritage Markers to the cemetery recognizing the contributions of both Mrs. Morse and the pioneer priests, as well as a site map which delineates the "Saint Louis section" of the graveyard.</p><br>
<h2>Sexton House</h2><br>
<p>The Sexton House, formerly known as the Pavilion or Gazebo, was constructed in 1910 for caretaker tools and equipment. The word "sexton" is from the Latin "sacristanus" which means "someone who looks after the sacred objects".</p><br>
<h2>Darwin Branch Givens</h2><br>
<p>A gravesite for Darwin Branch Givens (born 1858 - died 1942) includes a marble marker at the gravesite inscribed:</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Izpegi Pass  is a 672 m high Pyrenean mountain pass located right on the border between Spain and France, linking the Baztan and Baigorri valleys in the Basque Country. The river Bidasoa, called Baztan on its upper stage, rises close-by on the western side of the Iparla mountain range stretching out north to south. The name Izpegi applies also to a stream running on its eastern slopes.</p><br>
<p>The population nuclei closest to the saddle are the village of Erratzu (west) and Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (east, Baigorri in Basque). A sinuous narrow road that bears witness to a couple of Tour de France stages descends east to Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, cutting its way through a spectacular grassy and giddy landscape.</p><br>
<p>The pass is frequented by hikers in order to gain access to the neighbouring mountain Hautza (1,306 m / 4,285 ft, waymarking all along) and other mounts of the ridgeline (Mount Iparla). Since the mid-2000s, a modest txalaparta festival is held at the spot on the first Sunday of September, which has become a meeting point for the instrument&#39;s players, especially locals. Money raised at the food stall arranged was destined in 2009 to helping the Basque language school of the neighbouring small town of Baigorri.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A battle was fought at this location during the War of the Pyrenees on 3 June 1794. A 2,300-strong republican French brigade led by General of Brigade Lavictoire attacked the 1,000 Spanish and French royalist troops and drove them from the pass. The defenders, one battalion of the Spanish Zamora Infantry Regiment, three companies of the Aldudes Rifles, and the Légion Royal French Émigré battalion, lost 94 killed and wounded, plus 307 captured. The French brigade, part of Jean Mauco&#39;s division of the Army of the western Pyrenees, suffered an unknown number of casualties.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.</p><br>
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<p>Wakhan River , Abe Vâxân  Вахондарё, Vaxondaryo), also known in English as Ab-i-Wakhan, is the name of the Sarhadd branch of the Panj River along its upper length in Wakhan, Afghanistan.</p><br>
<p>The river arises in the Hindu Kush. It is formed by the confluence of the Wakhjir River and the Bozai Darya near Kashch Goz and Bozai Gumbaz, some 40 km west of the Wakhjir Pass. Shortly thereafter, the Little Pamir comes to an end, and the conjoined river contracts into a narrow, deep, rapid river, delimited by cliffs and steep hills.</p><br>
<p>At Sarhadd the river contracts into a narrower valley, which is more populated. The river emerges near the villages of Langar and Qila-e Panj, where it is joined by the Pamir River. From that point the river is always locally spoken of as the Panj River.</p><br>
<p>Mays Island  is a small island in the Cedar River, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Functioning as a civic center much like the Île de la Cité, it is the site of the Memorial Building , the Linn County Courthouse, and the county jail. The island plus an adjacent block was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The island and all of its buildings were devastated by the 2008 flood of the Cedar River, with water reaching above the first floors.</p><br>
<p>Until the 2008 flood, the concentration of local and county government on the island served to unify the city on both sides. The Memorial Building was designed by Hunter & Hatton, architects of Cedar Rapids. The Beaux Arts-style Linn County Courthouse was designed by Joseph Royer, of Urbana, as was the county jail. The building masses are long and narrow, like the island itself. The buildings face each other, creating an "insular quality".</p><br>
<p>The concentration of government services extends to the east bank, where the Federal government is located, to the east of the Memorial Building, in the Beaux Arts-style Federal Building, whose design is credited to the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. Its block, from 1st Avenue north to 2nd Avenue, from 1st Street west to the river, is also included in the historic district. This makes a total of four contributing buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Irving Memorial is located at Broadway  and West Sunnyside Lane in Irvington, New York. It features a bust of Irving and sculptures of two of his better-known characters by Daniel Chester French, set in a small stone plaza at the street corner designed by Charles A. Platt. It is near Irving&#39;s Sunnyside estate.</p><br>
<p>A local woman, Jennie Prince Black, pushed for the memorial&#39;s creation and construction in 1909, since Sunnyside was then still an Irving family residence closed to the public and his admirers had few places to pay their respects to him. Her dream took almost 20 years to realize. The memorial went through a difficult construction process, passing through several proposed locations and many financial difficulties before it could finally be dedicated in 1927, a year later than originally planned. The opening of Sunnyside since then has led the Irving admirers there instead, but after a major restoration in the late 20th century it remains true to its original design. In 2000, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The memorial sits on a small triangle of land at the southwest corner of the junction, which marks the northern end of Irvington. Sunnyside Creek, a small tributary of the nearby Hudson River, flows through a culvert underneath and lends a sloping, wooded character to the land behind the memorial.</p><br>
<p>It consists of three parts: a tall central panel 10 ft high and 8 ft wide, bronze sculptures of two of Irvings characters, Rip Van Winkle and King Boabdil, flanking a bust of the author on a 6 ft pedestal. Curved wing walls 4 ft high and 12 ft long come out on either side, further extended by 10 ft of wrought iron fencing. All the stone is pink Vermont granite with dark veins. An inscription carved in the center memorializes Irvings multiple careers, and identifies the two characters depicted at his sides.</p><br>
<p>In front of the panel are several square stone piers intended to support benches that were never built. Two were added later at the sides. The surface of the memorial area was once flagstone; today most of it has been replaced in concrete. Piers at the north end were built for a gate and path to the brook that was never built.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the memorial was beset by financial problems, complicated site issues and delays. Its location was not ideal for such a project, and was not finally settled until a year before it was finished. Its original budget grew despite intensive fundraising efforts, and even so French was never fully paid for his work. Issues persisted even after it was formally dedicated.</p><br>
<h3>Concept</h3><br>
<p>During his lifetime, Irving &ndash; revered as America&#39;s first great writer &ndash; regularly received visitors and admirers at Sunnyside. His family closed the house after his death, and those who still wished to pay homage had to settle for his grave at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery near the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow and pew at Christ Episcopal Church, both located 2 mi up the road in Tarrytown.</p><br>
<p>At Irvingtons ceremonies marking the 50th anniversary of his death in 1909, resident Jennie Prince Black, a composer and the wife of printing magnate Harry Van Deventer Black, realized the village needed a permanent memorial to the man it had renamed itself after. Plans for a tower in Tarrytown in the late 19th century had never come to fruition. She credited "an inner voice" and continued to advocate for the memorial for years without success. In 1924, Cyrus West Field, another Irvington resident, put her in touch with sculptor Daniel Chester French. The involvement of Americas top sculptor made Black&#39;s dream a reality. He was commissioned to design the memorial that summer, while the newly formed Washington Irving Memorial Association began looking for a site and raising money to buy the land.</p><br>
<h3>Siting difficulties</h3><br>
<p>Frenchs design came together quickly; buying the land was the hard part. Black wanted the memorial to be on Broadway, in full view of traffic on the busy Albany Post Road. She had hoped at first to locate the memorial at what became its ultimate site, but was rebuffed both by the difficult topography of the site and the Irving familys unwillingness to sell the land out of fears a memorial would attract visitors. She turned next to the churches, and despite Frenchs concern that it would be too close to the street was making some progress when she learned that an unnamed vestryman of one of the churches had been objecting to the idea of a memorial on the grounds of either church. A property facing Irvingtons Main Street was considered next but the owners would not consent. Finally, the Irvings were moved by these difficulties to reconsider their original reservations. A neighbor of theirs, Henry Graves, donated the triangular parcel, and the memorial association began a subscription drive.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, French had decided to represent Irving in his prime, at the age of 35, before he had come to live in the area. He collected drawings of the author to ensure as accurate a representation as possible. Similarly, he asked Frank Jefferson, the son of Joseph Jefferson, who had become famous playing Van Winkle on stage, for photographs of his late father in the part.</p><br>
<p>His decision to use Boabdil as the other character, to show the range of Irvings work, met with some controversy when he sent the memorial association a plaster cast of his work, after he had sent site architect Charles A. Platt a plan. Another of Blacks wealthy local acquaintances, the publisher George H. Putnam, himself a biographer of Irving, complained that French should have chosen another local character from Irvings work, like Peter Stuyvesant and that Boabdil was not even a major character in Irvings The Alhambra. Black brought this up with him, but the sculptor reminded her that he was the artist and it was his privilege to decide how to memorialize Irving in bronze. He consulted with his friend Bashford Dean, curator of arms and armor at the Metropolitan Museum of Art as to what the Moorish king would have worn. While Dean did not feel what French ultimately chose was historically accurate, he, too, agreed it was ultimately a matter of artistic license.</p><br>
<h3>Financial problems</h3><br>
<p>By the spring of 1925, the association had raised $8,000, but the total cost of the memorial was now projected to reach $30,000, half of which was French&#39;s fee. In July he told Black the bust of Irvine was nearing completion and that he would have all the work ready in time to open and dedicate the memorial in 1926. Black continued raising money, securing at one point a $5,000 contribution from another wealthy area resident, John D. Rockefeller, on the condition that a matching $25,000 be raised. Soon afterwards it was reported that $16,000 had been raised, from yet other local citizens of means such as Adolph Ochs and Chauncey Depew. A scroll with the names of 400 who donated was placed in a locked box and buried at the monument site.</p><br>
<p>French presented a mockup of his final work to Black in January 1926. "You have outdone us all a thousandfold", she said to him. Costs for the memorial continued to rise as it became more elaborate, and French became involved in fundraising, putting his plaster model of the Irving bust on display in his New York studio to draw attention to the project and entering it in exhibitions. It was sent to the Gorham Company&#39;s bronze works in Providence to be cast in April.</p><br>
<p>Back in Irvington, Black and the memorial association, equally concerned about costs, which were now reaching $50,000, again contacted the churches in Tarrytown, where the site was flatter. French, who preferred the churches over Sunnyside Lane, and Platt both produced modified plans, but legal complications blocked the move in June. The sculptor told Black it would be impossible to get the memorial done by fall and suggested its completion be postponed to spring 1927, which would also allow more time for fundraising.</p><br>
<p>In August, the statues were finished and placed in storage. Black organized two fundraising events in the fall, one of them an elaborate pantomime paegant of Irving&#39;s works at Sunnyside starring many locals, but was devastated when they raised only $1,000, far short of what was necessary. French again decided to help out by creating, at his expense, an 18 in version of his Rip Van Winkle statue that the association could duplicate and sell for $500. The funding shortfalls resulted in the memorial being scaled back as construction approached: the landscaping and front benches were canceled and the fencing made less elaborate.</p><br>
<h3>Construction and dedication</h3><br>
<p>In the late fall, Ernest Behrens was paid $5,000 for site work, clearing a telephone booth and telephone pole from the site and pouring concrete. In the spring, Piccirilli Brothers, a New York stonecarving firm, was paid $14,360 to install the memorial. On June 24, they reported that, despite faulty foundation work and other issues they said should have been addressed prior to construction, the memorial was ready except for the bronze lettering, which didn&#39;t fit in the grooves cut in the rock.</p><br>
<p>Three days later, on June 26, 1927, the memorial was finally opened and dedicated despite these unresolved issues. Irvings great-great-nephew pulled aside the flag that draped it, and a local schoolchildrens choir sang and trumpeters performed. French&#39;s work was well received. One local newspaper columnist called it "chaste, dignified and altogether lovely", noting how it drew the viewer from characters to author rather than the other way around.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>Gorham denied any responsibility for the lettering problem, claiming it had only followed French&#39;s blueprints. New letters were cast and installed in October. French was still owed $5,000; by the time of the last entry related to the Irving memorial in his account book, two years later, he had been paid $14,500, $500 short of his original fee.</p><br>
<p>After the completion of the memorial, no further work was done. The Rockefeller family bought Sunnyside from the Irving family in 1945, restored it and opened it to the public as a historic house museum in 1947, eliminating the original need for the memorial.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, a cleaning project restored the original appearance of much of the stonework and bronze, and in the late 1990s the original flagstone flooring was replaced with concrete, since the memorial and its benches had come to be used as a waiting area for local bus service. New York&#39;s Department of Transportation installed a standard at the corner to support a traffic light, essentially recreating the obstruction to the view of the memorial by southbound traffic that the original designers had hoped was gone with the removal of the telephone pole.</p><br>
<p>Mesilla Plaza is the central plaza in the small town of Mesilla in far southern New Mexico. The plaza and a number of its surrounding buildings are a National Historic Landmark District, significant for its role in the transfers of power that brought first the original New Mexico Territory and later the Gadsden Purchase into United States control. The most notable building facing the plaza is the Basilica of San Albino, which has been on the plaza since its establishment in 1851. The plaza was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Mesilla was created by a Mexican government decree in 1848, as a place to receive Mexican citizens who sought to remain on Mexican soil after the cession of the northern parts of present-day New Mexico were ceded to the United States in the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Just five years later, the Gadsden Purchase agreement result in the United States purchase of the southern strips of present-day New Mexico and Arizona, an area that includes Mesilla. The Mesilla Plaza was the site of an official flag-raising ceremony on November 18, 1854, confirming United States sovereignty over the area. The town continued to hold a prominent economic role in territorial affairs, serving as a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, and other stagecoach routes. It served as a military center during the American Civil War, at different times for both Union and Confederate forces in the Arizona Territory.</p><br>
<p>The plaza today is still ringed by many buildings harkening back to its early days. The plaza itself, originally an open dirt area, is now lined by brick sidewalks and is grassy, and sports a bandstand built in the 1970s. The most prominent structure is the Basilica of San Albino, built in 1906 on the site of the original 1852 church. Buildings on the east and west sides include Territorial style buildings from the 1850s, among them the original Butterfield State ticket office and waiting room. Some buildings were originally built as residences, but have since been readapted for commercial use, while some were originally built for commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Annapolis Historic District is a historic district in the City of Annapolis, the state capital of Maryland, that was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1965 and was geographically further expanded in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Annapolis has served as the capital of both the Colony/Province and the State, along with being the county seat of Maryland&#39;s third county, Anne Arundel County, and is one of the first planned cities in colonial America. Many elements of the original town plan, developed in 1695 by Francis Nicholson, and about 120 of the 18th century buildings still remain. Along with its neighboring capital city to the south of Williamsburg of the Province/Colony of Virginia and the first years of the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, both towns serve as a "living microcosm" of the 1700s and early 1800s in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In terms of individually listed National Historic Landmarks and other sites on the National Register of Historic Places, the original historic colonial-era area includes the Maryland State House on State Circle, St. Anns Church (Anglican/Episcopal) on neighboring adjacent Church Circle, and the historic residences, townhouses and some larger mansions of the towns wealthiest and most influential citizens of the Hammond-Harwood House and the Paca House and Gardens, the increase also includes the Artisan&#39;s House, Brice House, John Callahan House, and the Chase-Lloyd House.</p><br>
<p>Most of the downtown and harbor waterfront areas were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The location of acclaimed national educational schools such as the St. Johns College, (elevated to collegiate status in 1784, founded as "King Williams School" in 1696) with its historic red-brick Colonial/Georgian and Federal-styled buildings (including the former colonial Governors Mansion, begun in 1742, later used as McDowell Hall, the primary college structure) and the 1845 establishment of the United States Naval School, the nations second-oldest military college, (later renamed the USA Naval Academy) with its late 19th Century French-styled architecture of Second Empire waterfront campus on the site of old Fort Severn from the War of 1812-era facing the Severn River, provide a sophisticated air to the downtown streets adding the casually attired college students and white-uniformed naval midshipmen walking about amidst the rows of brick townhouses and wood-frame homes.</p><br>
<p>With the establishment of the Historic Annapolis Foundation, as well as Annapolis Historic District Design Guidelines for New Construction, written by Robert Lamb Hart of Hart Howerton, the future of the city&#39;s historical heritage of the Colonial and Federal eras with its Georgian and Federal period with its unique architecture was assured of a constant "watchdog" over any future abuses and neglect as occasionally occurred during the quiet years of the 19th and early 20th Centuries.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Annapolis Maritime Trail System is a part of the East Coast Greenway.</p><br>
<p>John Callahan House, known previously as Pinkney-Callahan House when it was located on St. John Street, is a historic home in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. The brick home was constructed by John Callahan , a prominent and wealthy Annapolitan who served as the Register of the Western Shore Land Office between 1778 and 1803, around 1785-90. It has been moved twice in efforts to prevent its demolition. In 1900-01, the house was relocated to St. John’s Street and then to its present site on Conduit Street in 1972. The home features an unusual gable-end principal façade and a largely intact Georgian/Federal interior finishes. It once served as St. John&#39;s College Infirmary.</p><br>
<p>It was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1971 (NRHP Reference Number 71000365); after its relocation in 1972, it was listed again in 1973. It is a contributing property in the Colonial Annapolis Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Denton House, also known as the Denton-Weeks House, the River House, and the Smyth-Letherbury House, is a historic residence at 107 Water Street in Chestertown, Maryland. It is a three-story brick building, with a five-bay front facade framed by corner pilasters with stone capitals. The building has a raised basement, with a stone stringcourse between it and the first floor. The front entrance is centered, with an elaborate surround consisting of pilasters, entablature and dentillated gable. The house was built about 1784 by Richard Smyth, the son of one of the area&#39;s wealthiest merchants. In 1791 it was bought by Peregrine Letherbury, the first law professor at Washington College.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and it is a contributing property in the Chestertown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Cheadle Lower Mill, often called Cheadle Bleachworks, and now renamed, The Bleachworks, is a former mill in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England . A mill has been on the site since the 12th Century, originally used as a water powered corn mill. It was later converted to chemical plant, owned by Thor Chemicals, and produced chlorine bleaching agents for use in the dye industry in Manchester at the time. It closed down in 1993 and was left derelict until 2008 when it was partially demolished prior to being converted into housing.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>In 2005, the mill was described by Stockport Council as a derelict shell, open to elements. It was left in such a condition until it was bought by Hamptons for development in 2007. In early 2008, work was started by JCS Homes to turn the complex into housing estate with apartments and town houses. The buildings were partially demolished and old bricks were saved to be reused in the creation of new buildings. JCS Homes also gave buyers the opportunity to design the interior of their homes themselves. As of early June 2008, construction has not begun on the new houses.</p><br>
<p>In June 2017 the mill caught fire and burnt down, with 4 partially built houses also damaged by the fire.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Aviation Administration Records Center in Martinsburg, West Virginia is the former United States Courthouse and Post Office for the city. It is a Richardson Romanesque style building, principally designed by Willoughby J. Edbrooke, of the Office of the Supervising Architect. It was used as a federal courthouse and post office from 1895 to 1961, when both functions moved across the street to a new facility.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Aviation Administration occupied the building in 1970, primarily as an emergency relocation center for Washington-based operations, then vacated the building in the 1990s. The blast-resistant construction and communications facilities are still visible in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The building is now used as a community arts center, and is part of the Downtown Martinsburg Historic District. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Alta Lake is a lake in the Resort Municipality of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>Originally named Summit Lake, Alta Lake was renamed to avoid confusion with the many other Summit Lakes in British Columbia. The name is derived from the Spanish for "high up" or "upper". The lake&#39;s southern end is the divide between the basins of the Green and Cheakamus Rivers. The lake is 642 m in elevation and approximately 1.1 km² in area and 2.2 km north to south, with a maximum width of about 675 m, east to west.</p><br>
<p>Neighbourhoods around the lake include Alta Lake, the original community in this area (now referred to as "Westside"), Alta Vista and Whistler Cay Estates. At the north end of the lake the original site of Rainbow Lodge preserves some cabins that were part of that rustic resort, and a municipally run ecological preserve which extends up the wetlands of the River of Golden Dreams (aka Alta Creek), which leads to Green Lake. A wayside park, formerly a provincial park and now municipally run is located near the south end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Van Swearingen-Shepherd House, also known as Bellevue, is a Colonial Revival mansion in Shepherdstown, West Virginia that is home to the descendants of Captain Thomas Shepherd, founder of Shepherdstown. The house, situated on a bluff overlooking the Potomac River, was built in 1773 by Thomas Van Swearingen as a single-story stone house. His son, also named Thomas Van Swearingen, was a US Representative. The Shepherd family acquired the house in 1900, when Henry Shepherd III bought the house as a wedding present for his bride Minnie Reinhart, whose grandfather was Thomas Van Swearingen. That year, the Shepherds gave a dinner party on the lawn for William Jennings Bryan during his second presidential campaign. The house remains in the hands of the Shepherd family.</p><br>
<p>The original stone house has been extensively altered, with brick Victorian-era alterations exchanged for the present Colonial Revival style with a tetrastyle Ionic portico.</p><br>
<p>Green Lake is the largest and most northerly lake in the Resort Municipality of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. It is the source of the Green River, a tributary of the Lillooet River, and is fed by the River of Golden Dreams, which issues from Alta Lake, which is at the height of land dividing the Green River drainage from that of the Cheakamus River to the south, which is a tributary of the Squamish River. Also feeding Green Lake are Fitzsimmons Creek, which originates in the valley above Whistler Village between Blackcomb and Whistler Mountains, and Rainbow Creek, which descends from Rainbow Mountain via the Alpine Meadows subdivision. A former minor ski hill, Rainbow, is located midway between Alpine Meadows and Emerald Estates near the lake&#39;s western extremity.</p><br>
<p>The Whistler neighbourhoods of Alpine Meadows and Emerald Estates are located on the lake&#39;s southwestern and northwestern shores, respectively. The ghost town of Parkhurst (aka Green River, though that is a rail stop at the outlet of Green Lake about 1 km north), is known locally but incorrectly as Soo Valley. (The Soo Valley, while nearby, is in a different drainage). Parkhurst grew up around a lumber mill on a point on the east shore of the lake at its narrowest point, opposite Emerald Estates; the porch of the old main building was the location of a locally famous group nude photo by squatter residents of the area in the 1970s, many of whom now figure in the Whistler establishment.</p><br>
<p>Green Lake is 633 m in elevation, approximately 1.2 km in length, and averages about 650 m in width—with an area in the range of 2.2 km².</p><br>
<p>Green Lake also serves as Whistler Airport (airport code YWS), a waterdrome.</p><br>
<p>Watts Hospital, located in Durham, North Carolina was the city&#39;s first hospital, operating between 1895 and 1976.</p><br>
<p>The hospital opened in 1895, funded entirely by George W. Watts, as a private, 22-bed, modern hospital dedicated to the care of Durhams white citizens and offered free care to those unable to pay. The hospital became public in 1953 and closed 1976, when Durham County General Hospital opened. The grounds and buildings of the hospitals 1909 campus were converted to become the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, which began classes in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Watts was established in 1895, on land donated by George Watts with an endowment of $50,000, provided solely by Watts. The land fronted on West Main Street with Guess Road (later renamed Buchanan Blvd.) to the west and Watts Street to the east. By 1909, the 22-bed hospital was insufficient for the explosive growth of Durham, and new, larger facility was built on 25 acre at the intersection of Club Boulevard and Broad Street, where the hospital remained until it closed in 1976. Watts donated another $500,000 for the new hospital site, designed by Boston architect Bertand E. Taylor in the Spanish Mission style. The hospital was enlarged in 1926 with the Valinda Beale Watts Pavilion, designed by the local architectural firm of Atwood and Nash. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1950, Brenda Joy (née Barksdale) Jones was born at Watts. Jones has gone on to fame as president of several prominent organizations in North Carolina, including Hemrocallis Club. She pushed legislation to make Watts a historic site or a school in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1960s, Watts had begun admitting black patients on a limited basis, constrained by its limited size. A 1966 referendum to fund a new, larger and integrated Watts Hospital was defeated by Durham voters, opposed by both whites and blacks, who feared that the new hospital would cater to whites, while blacks would be treated in the outmoded 1909 facility.</p><br>
<p>A second referendum, in 1968, which more clearly delineated that Watts and Lincoln hospitals would become extended care facilities when the new Durham County General Hospital opened its doors in 1976. The referendum passed, though Watts was ultimately closed in favor of an enlarged Lincoln Community Health Center.</p><br>
<p>In September 1980, the first class of high school students moved into the deserted Watts Hospital buildings as the campus began a new life as the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM), a boarding school for academically talented students from all over North Carolina. The old Spanish Mission style buildings were restored, while new, architecturally harmonious buildings were added. In one of the Durham&#39;s best examples of adaptive reuse, old Watts Hospital now thrives as NCSSM and serves to anchor the Watts-Hillandale Historic District which was designated a National Historic Neighborhood District in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<h3>Duke University</h3><br>
<p>By 1922, Watts Hospitals quality of care and its philanthropic mission to provide healthcare to the working poor was so well-regarded that James B. Duke and North Carolina Governor Cameron Morrison proposed the creation of the states first four-year medical college, Duke University, to educate students in conjunction with clinical services provided at Watts Hospital.</p><br>
<h3>Watts School of Nursing</h3><br>
<p>In addition to founding the clinical hospital, George Watts also established the Watts Hospital Training School for Nurses at the hospital, in 1895. Renamed the Watts School of Nursing (Watts SON) in 1976, the school&#39;s first graduate, Ethel Clay, received her nursing degree in 1897.</p><br>
<p>Now part of the Duke University Health System, Watts SON has been housed at Durham Regional Hospital since 1976.</p><br>
<p>Watts School of Nursing is now located on Croasdaile Drive in Durham, NC.</p><br>
<p>Alvarado Terrace Historical District is a designated historic district in the Pico-Union district of Los Angeles, California. It is located southwest of Downtown Los Angeles, along Alvarado Terrace between Pico Boulevard and Alvarado Street.</p><br>
<p>Six homes and a church in the district were designated as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in 1971, and the entire district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Alvarado Terrace Historic District is within the original Spanish Pueblo of Los Angeles boundaries established in 1781. During the late 19th century, the land was owned by Doria Deighton Jones, the widow of a wholesale grocer. In 1897, the Los Angeles Golf Club (predecessor of the Los Angeles Country Club) leased the land and built a nine-hole golf course that came to be known as "Windmill Links," due to the use of an old windmill as the clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>Jones subdivided the land into residential lots in 1902. The lots were sold for $10 each, with the caveat that the buyer was required to build a house costing at least $4,000.</p><br>
<h2>Terrace Park and Powers Place</h2><br>
<p>In an effort to enhance the neighborhood, one of its chief promoters (and president of the City Council), Pomeroy Powers, persuaded the city in 1904 to construct a park along Alvarado Terrace. Originally called Summerland Park, the park was soon renamed Terrace Park. The park included a fish pond, rosebeds, an underground tool shed, and a full-time gardener. The park was later remodeled with only grass and trees. There is a small strip of brick-paved street at the north end of the park known as "Powers Place" that holds the distinction as the "shortest street in Los Angeles." By 1983, Terrace Park was suffering from neglect and was described as "so bare it&#39;s hardly recognizable as a park."</p><br>
<h2>Six homes designated as Cultural Historic Monuments</h2><br>
<p>Alvarado Terrace has the distinction of having six houses on a single block (all on the north side) designated as Historic-Cultural Monuments by the City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission. The six houses were designated as Historic-Cultural Monument nos. 83-88 in July 1971. The houses were built on a raised terrace overlooking Terrace Park. The designated homes were built between 1902 and 1905 and reflect a rich eclecticism in their architectural style. They include Craftsman, Victorian, Mission, Tudor, and Shingle style architecture. A real estate brochure from 1903 described the neighborhood this way: "The only exclusive Residential Tract in the city. Beautiful Parks. Shade Trees Planted. High Class building restrictions. No flats, cottages or stores. Wide streets conforming to the contour of the land with cement sidewalks, curbs and gutters. Perfect sewer system, water, gas, electric lights..." With the park and well-preserved homes, the district provides a complete historic neighborhood that has been featured in motion picture and television productions. While the surrounding area has been described as "low-income and multicultural," the Los Angeles Times in 1991 described Alvarado Terrace as "a slice of L.A.&#39;s genteel and moneyed past preserved."</p><br>
<h3>Boyle-Barmore House</h3><br>
<p>As one enters Alvarado Terrace from the north, the first of the designated homes is Boyle-Barmore House, located at 1317 Alvarado Terrace (pictured, above left). Built in 1905, the house was designed by architect Charles E. Shattuck in a Craftsman style with Tudor influences, including a three-gabled dormer. The house was built for Calvin A. Boyle, one of the founders of the Hollywood Board of Trade. The house was acquired in 1908 by Edmund H. Barmore, president of the Los Angeles Transfer Company. The house was used in the 1980s as a women&#39;s shelter by the Union Rescue Mission.</p><br>
<h3>Cohn House</h3><br>
<p>The second of the designated homes on the north side of the street is the Cohn House at 1325 Alvarado Terrace. Built in 1902, the house was designed by Frank D. Hudson and William Munsell. Hudson and Munsell also designed the Museum of Science and Industry, the first museum built in the citys Exposition Park. Cohn House combines Craftsman style in its first floor of rock-faced sandstone, and a second level reflecting the Shingle style. The house also has three gabled dormers that give the house the look of a Swiss chalet. The house was built for Morris Cohn, a textile manufacturer. Cohn has the distinction of having both his residence and his textile factory designated as Historic-Cultural Monuments (HCM #84 and HCM #110). Cohn House was used in the 1980s as a mens shelter by the Union Rescue Mission.</p><br>
<h3>Gilbert House</h3><br>
<p>Gilbert House, located at 1333 Alvaardo Terrace (pictured above right), was built on speculation in 1903 by Ida and Pomeroy Powers, who also built and lived in the Powers House next door. Gilbert House is one of the most eye-catching homes in the district built with a mix of Victorian, Shingle-Style and Craftsman styles. The house was first purchased and occupied by Wilbur F. Gilbert, a wealthy Texas oil man. Gilbert&#39;s daughter, Carolyn McCulloch (d. December 24, 1992), was still living in the house in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Powers House</h3><br>
<p>Powers House at 1345 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #86) was built in 1903 for Pomeroy Wells Powers and his wife Ida. Designed by Arthur L. Haley, the home is built in the Mission Revival style, and has been described as "exuberant" and the "flashiest on the block" for its fanciful stucco curlicue. The stucco house has an arcaded veranda that supports a second-floor balcony. Rising from the balconly are towers connected by a curved parapet wall. The large corner tower has a loft room accessible only from the home&#39;s exterior.</p><br>
<p>Pomeroy Powers was a lawyer who was one of the original developers of Alvarado Terrace. He was also a member of the City Council and an officer of the Juanity Mining Company and the Short Line Beach Company.</p><br>
<h3>Raphael House</h3><br>
<p>The Tudor-style Raphael House at 1353 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #87), built in 1903, was designed by architects Sumner P. Hunt and Wesley A. Eager. Hunt was also responsible for the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena, the Casa de Rosas in North University Park, the Automobile Club building at Figueroa and West Adams, and Ebell of Los Angeles. Originally owned by Robert H. Raphael, the owner of Raphael Glass Company, the house is noted for its extensive use of both stained and leaded glass. Over the Labor Day weekend in 1995, the owner stripped Raphael House of some of its finer accessories, including stained glass windows, wooden fireplaces, and even the plaques identifying its historical status. The city&#39;s Department of Building and Safety stepped in and ordered the owner to return the fixtures or face fines and possible jail time.</p><br>
<h3>Kinney-Everhardy House</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1902, the Kinney-Everhardy House at 1401 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #88) was built by the same architects (Hunt & Eager) who designed the Raphael House next door. The house has been described as "an eclectic combination of elements from both the Queen Anne and Shingle styles."</p><br>
<h2>First Church of Christ, Scientist and the Peoples Temple</h2><br>
<p>The district also includes the former First Church of Christ, Scientist built in 1912 on an odd-shaped lot at the coner of Alvarado and Hoover Streets. The church was designed by noted architect Elmer Grey, who was also responsible for the Beverly Hills Hotel (1911), the Huntington Gallery and Library (1910), and the Pasadena Playhouse (1924–25). The church has been variously described as Beaux-Arts, Italian and Spanish Romanesque, and Mediterranean. The building&#39;s most notable features include its semi-circular porch with fluted columns, brick tower, rounded arches, and tiled roof.</p><br>
<p>The building has had a colorful history, having housed Jim Jones Peoples Temple from 1970 until their move to Jonestown, Guyana in 1977. In 1975, the Los Angeles Times noted the Peoples Temples move into the old church: "People&#39;s Temple, a Disciples of Christ church, now occupies the old First Church building." After the mass suicide in Jonestown, the Times noted that the Peoples Temple had moved out of the "huge Italian Renaissance-style church" in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The church was designated as Historic-Cultural Monument no. 89 in 1971. In 2008, the church was operated as the "Iglesia Adventista Central," as shown in the adjacent picture. An interesting profile and several photographs of the church can be found on the.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 1983, the Alvarado Terrace area was submitted to the Department of Interior to be considered for designation as the citys third officially-recognized historic district. (Wilton Place and Whitley Heights were designated earlier.) To draw attention to the effort, many of the homes were opened to tours. The district obtained the recognition it sought in 1984 with its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Pico Union became the citys 19th Historic Preservation Overlay Zone on August 10, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Old St. Patricks Church, also known as St. Patricks Roman Catholic Church and commonly known as Old St. Pats, is a Roman Catholic parish in Chicago, Illinois. Located at 700 West Adams Street, it has been described as the "cornerstone of Irish culture" in Chicago. The main church building is one of a handful of structures remaining in the city that predate the 1871 Great Chicago Fire, and is the citys oldest standing church building.</p><br>
<p>Old St. Patrick&#39;s Church was founded on Easter Sunday, April 12, 1846. The parish was originally housed in a wooden building at Randolph Street and DesPlaines Street. In the 1850s, the present church building was constructed of yellow Cream City brick from Milwaukee. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Today, Old St. Pats is known for hosting an annual summer block party, which it describes as the "worlds largest".</p><br>
<p>The Northside Village Historic District encompasses a rural village center on Stafford Road in northern Charlton, Massachusetts. Located at the junction of Stafford Road with Northside and Cemetery Roads is a small cluster of residential buildings, developed beginning in 1735 around a small tanning business, and later as a stagecoach stop. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Charlton was settled in 1735 as part of Oxford, and was separately incorporated in 1775. One of its first settlers was Jonothan Wheelock, whose house built that year still stands near the eastern end of the district. Wheelock established a tannery and distillery on a nearby brook, of which only archaeological remnants survive on their sites. In 1796 his house was purchased by John Haven, who is credited with building a number of the surviving buildings in the village. The Rider Tavern, built in 1797, became a stop on the stagecoach route between Worcester and Hartford, Connecticut, including among its visitors the Marquis de Lafayette. The tavern is now a museum operated by the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the two junctions of Stafford Road, the historic stage route, with Northside Road, extending south to the town center, and Cemetery Road, running north. There are thirteen buildings in the district, most of which were built before 1850. In addition to the Rider Tavern and Wheelock House, notable buildings include the Waters-Morton House, which was home both to a prominent local politician, and was the childhood home of Dr. William T. G. Morton, a dentist who introduced the use of ether as an anesthetic. The only non-residential building in the district is the former 1848 Northside District School.</p><br>
<p>The John Spurr House is an historic house on Main Street in Charlton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1798 and added to the National Historic Register in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Maj. Gen. John Spurr (1759–1816) served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. He participated in both the Boston Tea Party and the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was commissioned a captain in Col. Thomas Nixon&#39;s Regiment in 1777. He fought in the second Battle of Saratoga, Sep-Oct 1777, and was present during the surrender of General John Burgoyne. He was promoted to the rank of major in 1780. He eventually held the rank of major general in the Massachusetts State Militia.</p><br>
<p>John Spurr&#39;s granddaughter, Mary Louisa Spurr, was the first wife of Sen. George Frisbie Hoar, and the mother of Congressman Rockwood Hoar.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Company Woolen Mills are a historic mill complex on Main Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The sprawling mill complex was built or expanded by the Bigelow Carpet Company, one of Clinton&#39;s leading business for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It continues to be adaptivelry reused by smaller businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Company Woolen Mills occupy a large parcel on the west side of Clinton&#39;s downtown, bounded on the north and west by railroad tracks, the south by Pine Street, and the east by Main Street (Massachusetts Route 110). The complex includes eight large connected brick buildings built between 1858 and 1898, one wood frame building that may date as far back as 1810, and a nondescript concrete-block storage shed built in 1898. The brick buildings are built with Italianate styling typical of 19th-century mills, featuring rows of segmented-arch windows and modest brick corbelling. The main building has an elaborately-decorated five-story tower.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Company was incorporated in 1838 by Erastus and Horatio Bigelow, which began operations in 1837 in the c. 1810 wood-frame building the brothers leased and later purchased. The firm produced fabrics using a variety of materials, establishing successful divisions that produced carpets, wire mesh fabrics, and cotton gingham cloths. Erastus was a technological innovator, producing numerous inventions that improved the efficiency ahd capability of textile machinery. The company expanded on and operated on these premises until 1929, when a merger with a carpet maker in Amsterdam, New York resulted in the closure of this plant three years later. The facilities have since been adapted for use by other industrial concerns.</p><br>
<p>The Black Tavern is an historic tavern at 138-142 Dudley Center Road in Dudley, Massachusetts. The main block of the tavern was built c. 1803, and was extended by an ell to the rear in 1810 and another to the left side in 1835. The building is typically Federal in its styling, with a Doric porch running across its front that was added c. 1890. Dudley was about halfway between Boston and Hartford, Connecticut, and was a major stopping point on the stagecoach route. The building was given its name after its builder and owner, Hezekiah Healy, decided to paint it black, reasoning that that color required less maintenance.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century the building was used by nearby Nichols College as a dormitory until 1980, after which it was given to the Black Tavern Society, a local nonprofit established to preserve the structure.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. which the Society acquired in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Hayward Mill is a historic mill complex at the junction of North and Cook Streets, on the Mumford River in Douglas, Massachusetts. The site, with an industrial history dating to the 18th century, is populated by a series of connected buildings dating to 1880 or later. The mill was the first financial successful textile operation in Douglas, and was operated until the 1960s. The mill complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hayward Mill complex is located on a bend in the Mumford River in East Douglas, bounded on the southeast by North Street. Southwest of the complex the river is dammed, creating a mill pond and water source from which the mill drew power. The mill complex has three buildings, of which two are large multi-section structures. The Mill and Dye House is the principal mill building, with sections three and four stories in height, built out of brick. The oldest portion of this building was built in 1880, after a previous mill on the site burned down. To its east stands the Boiler House, a two-story brick structure with smokestack, built in 1898. South of the main mill and set between the mill pond and North Street is the single-story Office, now converted to a private residence. It is the most architecturally distinguished of the three buildings, exhibiting Italianate styling.</p><br>
<p>The site has a known, if poorly documented, history dating back to the 18th century. A water privilege (right to divert water or dam the river) was granted in 1750, and a grist mill was known to be operating on the site in the late 19th century. A new dam was built on the site in 1795, and the first textile mill was built on the site in 1863. This building burned down in 1880, although parts of its water works were apparently incorporated into the present mill. The Hayward Woolen Company was a partnership between Moses Taft and his son-in-law, William Hayward. At first, in the 1870s, it owned mill properties that were leased to others to operate, the mill on this site among them. When it burned down, they rebuilt in brick, and began manufacturing woolen products. The company remained in operation on this site, under a variety of names but generally under control of the Haywards and their descendants, until 1966. A related company, the Hayward-Schuster Company, continued operations until 1982. After a variety of other lighter manufacturing uses, the property has been rehabilitated and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>Sotterley Plantation is a historic landmark plantation house located at 44300 Sotterley Lane in Hollywood, St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland, USA. It is a long -story, nine-bay frame building, covered with wide, beaded clapboard siding and wood shingle roof, overlooking the Patuxent River. Also on the property are a sawn-log slave quarters of c. 1830, an 18th-century brick warehouse, and an early-19th-century brick meat house. Farm buildings include an early-19th-century corn crib and an array of barns and work buildings from the early 20th century. Opened to the public in 1961, it was once the home of George Plater , the sixth Governor of Maryland, and Herbert L. Satterlee , a New York business lawyer and son-in-law of J.P. Morgan.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Sotterley Plantation</h2><br>
<p>Sotterley Plantation is the only Tidewater plantation in Maryland open to the public that offers visitor activities and educational programs. Visitors can tour the early 18th-century mansion, an original slave cabin, a customs warehouse, smokehouse, necessary and corn crib, as well as a formal Colonial Revival garden. The property comprises 95 acre of rolling fields, gardens, and riverfront.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Julius Clifton Callis was the dockmaster for Sotterly Wharf. He was born in 1882. Several of his brothers occasionally worked at the wharf and his brother Noah moved into the wharf house as caretaker after Julius died in 1938.</p><br>
<p>Laura Virginia Callis attended Sotterley School. This class picture was taken there about 1918. Laura Virginia Callis stands second from the left in the second row. She was the daughter of Julius Clifton Callis and Laura Callis. The school closed by 1922.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Clinton Historic District is a historic district encompassing the main downtown area of Clinton, Massachusetts. It extends along High Street, between Union Street in the south, and Ring and Prospect Streets in the north, and includes several adjacent buildings on Church Street, a major cross street. The area was developed between roughly 1840 and the 1920s, and its architecture is reflective of this period. The oldest buildings are Italianate in style, while those built later are predominantly Colonial Revival in character. The district includes 31 contributing buildings. One of the oldest buildings in the district is the Brimhall Building at 92-116 High Street, which was built in 1857, but received a Colonial Revival facelift in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Mill is an historic textile mill complex at Union and High Streets in Clinton, Massachusetts. Built in 1847 and repeatedly enlarged until 1922, this large mill complex was one of the world&#39;s major early automated manufacturers of Brussels tapestry, established by Horatio and Erastus Bigelow. The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Mill complex is located just south of downtown Clinton. Most of the complex is bounded on the north by Union Street, the south by Pleasant Street, and the west by School Street, with one building on the west side of School Street. The complex includes six brick buildings, ranging in height from two to five stories. Two of the buildings exhibit a measure of commercial Italianate styling, with round-arch windows and brick corbelling, and distinctive crenellated and corbelled towers in two locations. The interior framing of the buildings is general large timbers.</p><br>
<p>The mill complex&#39;s history begins in 1847, when Erastus Bigelow received the first of forty patents related to the automated manufacture of carpeting. In 1849, in partnership with his brother Horatio, they began manufacturing Brussels tapestry in an already-existing building on this site. That building no longer stands; the oldest surviving building of the complex was built by the Bigelows in 1855. The Bigelow Carpet Company grew to become a leading manufacturer of carpeting in the late 19th century, its complex here growing to accommodate increased production. In the 1880s its earlier buildings were extensively reworked, giving the complex a distinct late-19th century appearance. The mill was closed in the 1930s, its components either vacant or used for storage until the 1970s, when they began to see increased industrial use again. The complex is now global headquarters for Nypro, a Jabil Company, a design, manufacturing and supply chain solutions provider for medical devices, diagnostics and pharmaceutical delivery systems.</p><br>
<p>The Corcoran School is an historic school building at 40 Walnut Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The 2.5 story brick Colonial Revival building was built in 1900 to a design by Boston architect Charles J. Bateman. The rectangular building rises above a raised foundation to a truncated hip roof with a variety of gabled dormers and two cupolas. The entry is centered on a seven-bay facade, beneath a slightly projecting pavilion that rises a full three stories. The entry is recessed under a large round arch, above which is a portico supported by Ionic columns. On the second level of the pavilion are three long, narrow, round-arch windows with granite keystones above, and on the third level are two rectangular sash windows topped by blind arches.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the building has a basic cruciform plan, with classrooms at the corners, and central corridors running north-south and east-west. On the second floor the east corridor ends in a small room that initially served as a library, above the main entrance. The stairwells on both floors were flanked by narrow rooms, which were used as wardrobes. The third floor contained a large assembly hall, with a stage on the west end.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in a site that has been used for schools since 1846, the most recent of which, the 1854 high school, was demolished because settling and cracking had rendered it unsafe. The new school had eight classrooms, and was the largest of Clinton&#39;s primary schools. The school was dedicated in honor of John Corcoran (1853-1904), a school committee chairman, in 1918. The town used the building as an elementary school until 1980. It has since been sold and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Bowers School is an historic school building on 411 Water Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The two story brick schoolhouse was built in 1892 to a design by Joshua Thissell. The building was dedicated in honor of Rev. Charles Manning Bowers, a longtime member of the Clinton School Committee. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building now houses residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Bowers School stands in a residential area on Clinton&#39;s east side, on the south side of Water Street (a major east-west road), between Schley and Branch Streets. It is a two story brick structure, with a granite foundation and a roof with a combination of gables and hips. It is basically rectangular, with a projecting hip-roofed entry pavilion on its north (street-facing) facade. The entrance is recessed in a rectangular opening, with round-arch windows on either side of the recess, and two pairs of sash windows above. A small triangular dormer projects from the hip roof. The interior was originally divided into two classrooms on each floor, with stairs in the projecting pavilion and maintenance facilities in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The first school, a small wood-frame structure, was built on this site in 1847, when the area was still part of Lancaster. Clinton&#39;s rapid growth led to its incorporation in 1850, and also its need for enlarged schools. This building was designed by a Joshua Thissell, a local architect and civil engineer, and became a model used by the town in the construction of other schools. Vacant at the time of its National Register listing in 1983, it now houses residences.</p><br>
<p>The Old Lock Pump House on the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal was one of the first National Historic Landmarks to recognize an engineering achievement rather than an important building or a place associated with an historic event. The pump house, whose first element was built in 1837, preserves a feature of the old canal, which relied on locks and pumps to move vessels over the low divide of the Delmarva Peninsula between Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay. Because there are no large rivers on the peninsula, water had to be pumped uphill to fill the upper canal and locks. When the canal was cut deeper in the twentieth century, such measures were no longer required, and the pump house is one of the last relics of the old canal.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The landmark district is part of a row of buildings at the Back Creek Mooring Basin on the south side of the basin in Chesapeake City, Maryland. The buildings were built between 1837 and 1854 of fieldstone, brick and clapboard.</p><br>
<p>The oldest and easternmost building is the Old Steam House (1837), which housed the original boiler and steam engine. The one-story fieldstone building has an asphalt shingle roof and is used for storage. The next oldest building, the westernmost, was built circa 1851 as the boiler house for the rest of the complex. Immediately to the east is the West Engine Building, also from 1851. The engine house contains one of the two Merrick single-cylinder steam engines. The interior of the structure is supported by cast iron columns. From the outside this appears to be a two-story structure, but is a single space inside. The East Engine Building, opposite the Wheel House, is similar in nature, but was built in 1853 or 1854. In the center, the Wheel House (1851) contains a 39 ft lift wheel, 10 ft wide, made of cypress, white oak and iron. The wheel could move 20,000 USgal per minute at 1.5 rpm.</p><br>
<p>The building is now operated as the C&D Canal Museum, also known as the Chesapeake & Delaware Lock Canal Museum, by the USA Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The Greenbelt Historic District is a national historic district located in Greenbelt, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. The district preserves the center of one of the few examples of the Garden City Movement in the United States. With its sister cities of Greenhills, Ohio and Greendale, Wisconsin, Greenbelt was intended to be a "new town" that would start with a clean slate to do away with problems of urbanism in favor of a suburban ideal. Along with the never-commenced town of Greenbrook, New Jersey, the new towns were part of the New Deal public works programs.</p><br>
<p>Greenbelt&#39;s center has survived with few alterations compared with its sister towns. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In April 1935 Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, intended to counter the effects of the Great Depression through the appropriation of $5 billion for jobs programs. As a result, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Resettlement Administration (RA) to coordinate federal efforts concerning housing and land, placing particular emphasis on rural poverty. While the focus of the RA remained primarily rural, it was also charged with resettling farm workers who were leaving agriculture in search of industrial work. New towns were seen as a solution to this problem, to be built outside urban areas and surrounded by healthful green belts of preserved land. As many as 3000 of these towns were initially envisioned. 100 cities were studied for new towns, eventually narrowing to 25. Four sites were picked for the first trials: Washington, D.C, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Cincinnati, Ohio and New Brunswick, New Jersey. The Washington site was to be near Berwyn, Maryland, on land depleted by tobacco farming. 12,000 acre were purchased, and work began in late 1935, using 1000 laborers.</p><br>
<p>Architects and planners were hired in June 1935, site construction began in December 1935, and Roosevelt was briefed on the plans in April 1936. Wallace Richards was the RA regional coordinator, Douglas Ellington was the principal architect, Reginald Wadsworth was associate principal architect, Hale Walker was the town planner, and Harold Bursley was the engineering designer. The design team described areas for group housing, single-family residences, light and heavy industry, businesses, schools and parks. beyond the original town area, planned for 4000 families, two more areas were reserved for 3000 families each, with capacity for 50% growth. Much of the land south of Greenbelt Road that was designated for town expansion has since been transferred to the National Park Service and is now Greenbelt Park, while other areas became the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.</p><br>
<p>Within the planned suburban development, 1000 units were designated for white residents, and 250 for African-American residents. A 1,750 acre tract was designated the Rossville Rural Development, and was apparently meant to be an area of 50 farms for African-Americans, based on the old African-American community of Rossville. Both Rossville and the suburban housing for African-Americans were eventually dropped from the plan.</p><br>
<p>Construction involved the transport of as many a 5000 men by rail to the Branchville railroad halt each day. Roosevelt visited on November 13, 1936. However, politics intervened, and amid criticism of the program, the RA was placed under the USA Department of Agriculture. In September 1937 it became the Farm Security Administration. By 1938 the greenbelt town was dissolved. The construction cost for Greenbelt was estimated at $13,394,400.</p><br>
<p>The government began accepting applications for residence in Greenbelt, basing acceptance on income, health, family size, financial reliability, clean living habits and indications of community spirit. Prospective tenants were interviewed at their homes. Wives were not permitted to work, and were expected to stay home and take care of children. The average age of the initial tenants was 29 years. Tenants paid $18–25 per month for an apartment, and $28–41 for a semidetached house.</p><br>
<p>The town was managed as a cooperative, with a citizens committee to run the commercial center. This arrangement was viewed with considerable skepticism, particularly within Congress. Eventually, by the 1950s, several members of Greenbelt&#39;s coops appeared before Congressional subcommittees on charges of communism and monopolistic practices as part of the McCarthy investigations.</p><br>
<p>After several abortive attempts to divest itself of the town, the Federal Government hired Hale Walker, the town&#39;s original planner, along with Harold Heller to develop a master plan for expansion of the town. The new plan envisioned a reduction of agricultural use and an increase in single-family housing. In 1947 the Greenbelt Mutual Home Owners Corporation was formed as a vehicle for the sale of the town. Congressional legislation was passed that allowed the government to sell the greenbelt towns to non-profit groups with at least 50% veteran members. In December 1952 the Greenbelt Veterans Housing Corporation (GVHC) bought 1580 units and 240 acre of developed land for $6,285,450. In 1953 the GVHC bought 709 acre of undeveloped land for $670,219. Other areas were sold to private developers, and in 1956 the GVHC sold the undeveloped land to cover its loan. In 1957 Greenbelt Homes, Inc. was formed from the GVHC to manage the community, and retains title to 1600 units and 280 acre of land. The supermarket remains a co-op.</p><br>
<h3>Highway construction</h3><br>
<p>The community opposed the proposed Baltimore–Washington Parkway, beginning in 1946, but the road was completed in 1954 through part of the greenbelt reservation. In the 1960s the Capital Beltway was built through the middle of the Greenbelt reservation, destroying the "Indian Springs" that had been a recreational feature, as well as an Indian cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Greenbelt is laid out as a crescent of "superblocks" containing two rows of frame or concrete block multi-family dwellings. Houses are linked by footpaths and are grouped around central service courts, with the public sides facing the communal "garden" space. A central town common includes the original commercial district, community center and school, linked to the residential areas by pedestrian underpasses. A recreation area, 27 acre lake, and allotment gardens are located beyond the common. The architecture is modernist in style. The historic district includes more than 400 structures, as well as three pre-existing family cemeteries. The original center of Greenbelt has since been surrounded by newer development, causing it to be compared with a medieval fortress town, a walled center surrounded by contemporary neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>Greenbelt borrowed techniques pioneered seven years previously at Radburn, New Jersey, which turned housing layouts "inside-out" to keep automobiles and service traffic hidden. The architectural design, while modern in tone, borrows details such as pitched slate roofs, plain walls and steel casement windows from the English garden cities at Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. International Style influences are visible in the white walls and flat roofs of the concrete block buildings.</p><br>
<p>Landscaping was integrated into the design, with mature specimen trees saved or transplanted during site development. Each of the group housing units had a plot 30 ft by 90 ft between the house and the parklands, cared for by the tenant. On the service side space was provided for trash storage and clothes drying. Landscaping was used to create privacy, and the finished community was notable for the maturity of the plantings.</p><br>
<h3>Housing</h3><br>
<p>A strategy for group housing was followed, the result of questionnaires distributed to potential inhabitants, as well as considerations of the economy of attached units. Units are typically two stories tall, with one-story units at the ends of rows, initially called "honeymoon units." All units are slab-on-grade, with basements omitted as a result of the high local water table. Central utilities are provided. The concrete block units were built by unskilled labor, with the concrete first floor structure employed as the ceiling finish for the ground floor. Pitched-roof units were built using balloon frame construction.</p><br>
<p>Interiors were highly organized, with few closets and a minimally sized, but well-equipped kitchen. Children&#39;s closets had built-in ladders for access to higher shelving. Furniture was offered based on Scandinavian designs.</p><br>
<p>Twelve multi-family units were built, using three standard floor plans in buildings of 18 to 48 units. These buildings were built with basements, offering storage, laundry and children&#39;s play space. Unlike the group housing areas, the primary facades face the street, and feature extensive areas of glass block. The International Style features prominently, with flat roofs and concrete structure.</p><br>
<h3>Experimental and private development</h3><br>
<p>Five residential units were built on Woodland Way as demonstration projects for economical construction. The one story, two bedroom units featured the use of plywood as a structural material and as a cladding, using a 40 in module.</p><br>
<p>The only privately constructed houses in Greenbelt are ten units on Forestway Road, known as Parkbelt Homes. The Parkbelt Homes were built by General Houses of Chicago. These were supposed to be followed by another 190 units under a cooperative ownership plan. The houses were designed to be mass-produced using steel frame construction and insulated panels, predating the similar Lustron product by a decade. Lawsuits arising from rental disagreements and issues of maintenance apparently prevented further construction.</p><br>
<p>1000 units were built in 1941-42 as "defense housing" by the Federal Works Agency, following the general principles of earlier housing. However, many features were cut back or compromised for economy.</p><br>
<h3>Communal buildings</h3><br>
<p>The central common area was planned for 1000 families, to be expanded later to 3000. The initial facilities comprised a school/community center, a fire/police station and automobile repair shop, two commercial buildings and a gasoline station. An administration building and a hotel were planned, but remained unbuilt. The school is a noteworthy example of Art Deco design. The commercial buildings use Streamline Moderne motifs, including rounded corners, ribbon windows and flat roofs. The commercial area focuses on the 1938 "Mother and Child" sculpture by Lenore Thomas.</p><br>
<p>The "Rural High School", later Greenbelt Middle School, was built between 1936 and 1945. Like the elementary school, it is a notable Art Deco building, using glass block extensively.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Greenbelt is the best-preserved of the three built greenbelt towns, retaining much of its green space reserve despite the encroachment of development and highway construction. The Greenbelt model provided inspiration to other projects in the United States. Parade Park in Kansas City, Missouri, River Park in southwest Washington, D.C., and Parktown in Cincinnati, Ohio, were built by the Reynolds Aluminum Company Service Corporation as showcases for aluminum construction, and were based on the Greenbelt urban model. The town of Kitimat, British Columbia, was built in 1953 by the Aluminum Company of Canada along similar lines. Both Vallingby in Sweden and Chandigarh in East Punjab, India, were influenced by Greenbelt, as was the British New Town Program after 1946. Less influence was felt by the planners of Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia, in the 1960s. Relate to WWII Manhattan Project planned communities with very similar design esthetic and architecture: Los Alamos; NM, Hanford; WA, Oak Ridge; TN, inter alia.</p><br>
<p>Seton Hill Historic District is a historic district in Baltimore, Maryland. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It includes St. Mary&#39;s Seminary Chapel, which is a National Historic Landmark. It also includes Mother Seton House, separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Seton Hill, Baltimore’s former French Quarter, is centered on the former St. Marys Seminary and College, which was founded by Sulpician priests fleeing the French Revolution around 1791. Today Saint Mary’s Park is situated where the former Seminary and College once stood. The neighborhood was designated as an Historic and Architectural Preservation District of Baltimore City in 1968, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Saint Marys Park, the heart of Seton Hill, is the largest open green space in downtown Baltimore on the West Side. n 1790 Bishop John Carroll met with Father Nagot of the Order of St. Sulpice and agreed to a plan for the establishment of the Sulpician Order in Maryland. A year later Fathers Nagot, Tessier, Garnier, and Levadoux opened the Sulpician headquarters in One Mile Tavern then located at Franklin Street and Hookstown Road, known today as Pennsylvania Avenue. The Sulpicians soon purchased the inn, adapting it to a seminary, and in future years they completed an extensive college and seminary complex in the area of the existing Seminary structures. St. Mary&#39;s thus became the first Catholic seminary in the United States, celebrating its 175th anniversary in 1966. One particularly significant structure located on the Seminary grounds is a small chapel, the Chapel of Our Lady of the Presentation, which was dedicated in 1808. This structure, designed by Maximilien Godefroy, a prominent architect of the time and teacher at the college, is the oldest remaining example of Gothic Revival architecture in the USA</p><br>
<p>Mother Seton House.jpgMother Seton House</p><br>
<p>Paca Street facing south.jpgPaca Street</p><br>
<p>Orchard Street Church.jpgOrchard Street Church</p><br>
<p>Druid Hill Ave.jpgDruid Hill Ave</p><br>
<p>Druid Hill Ave 2.jpgDruid Hill Ave home</p><br>
<p>Mahood Falls is a waterfall in Wells Gray Provincial Park located on the Canim River between Canim Lake and Mahood Lake and northeast of 100 Mile House, British Columbia, Canada. The waterfall is 20 m high.</p><br>
<p>Mahood Falls is also a small community spread out along 5 km of road east of Roserim Lake and south of Canim Lake. The population is about 50 people. There was a post office there until 1990, but presently there are no stores or services.</p><br>
<p>Nearby Mahood Lake and, later, the Mahood Falls community were named after James Adam Mahood who was in charge of a Canadian Pacific Railway survey in this area in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Joan Uhrig (née McNeil) was born in 1935 at Canim Lake and grew up on the McNeil Ranch, now operated by the third generation of McNeils. According to her, the waterfall was unnamed during the family&#39;s early years at Canim Lake and considered to be part of nearby Canim Falls. When the post office was established in the 1950s and named Mahood Falls, tourists on the new road to Mahood Lake began asking for directions to see the waterfall. Answering repeatedly that there was no waterfall became so tiresome that the McNeils selected this waterfall to which they could send the curious tourists. Only the community, not the waterfall, is an official name in the British Columbia Gazetteer.</p><br>
<p>Access to Mahood Falls (the waterfall) is by a short trail off the Mahood Lake Road. Trail signage on the road says only Canim Falls. It is a 10-minute walk to see Mahood Falls first, then 10 minutes further to see Canim Falls. Both are on the Canim River, downstream from Canim Lake, where there is a large island; the north channel goes over Mahood Falls and the south channel (which carries a lot more water) over Canim Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>Like many other waterfalls in Wells Gray Provincial Park, Mahood Falls owes its formation to the deposits of volcanic rock in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field. Layer upon layer of fresh lava created flat areas, over which enormous floods flowed at the end of the last ice age. These floods carved the canyons below Mahood Falls and Canim Falls. Erosion by wind and rain created a natural bridge in the cliffs beside the trail, one of only three in Wells Gray Park.</p><br>
<p>Mahood Lake is a lake in the South Cariboo region of the Interior of British Columbia in Wells Gray Provincial Park. It is drained by the Mahood River, a tributary of the Clearwater River which has cut a deep canyon into Cambrian rocks and Pleistocene glacial moraines. Mahood Lake is fed by the short Canim River, which drains nearby Canim Lake to the west via Canim Falls and Mahood Falls.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 629 metres in elevation, 197 metres deep at its deepest point, approximately 33.5 km² in area, 21 km in length (east to west) and a maximum of 2.2 km in width. Mount Mahood is immediately south of the lake and rises to 1,812 m.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>There are no written records about First Nations visits to Mahood Lake, but they did use this valley because pictographs can be seen about halfway along the south shore. The Mahood Lake area was the centre of considerable attention between 1872 and 1874 when three separate groups of Canadian Pacific Railway surveyors passed along its shores. Their objective was to find a feasible route for the railway from Yellowhead Pass in the Rocky Mountains westward to the Pacific Ocean. Marcus Smith, the head of British Columbia surveys, was a strong advocate for the major Pacific railway terminus being at the head of Bute Inlet, a fjord which penetrates the Coast Mountains some 225 km north of Vancouver. While examining his favoured route eastward from the inlet in September 1872, he spent a grueling few days traversing Mahood Lake’s rugged northern shore. His diary contains a gripping account of the hazards along this route and a declaration that "These last two days were the hardest I have had on the surveys, and we were in constant danger." His journey coincided with that of James Adam Mahood, who had been chosen by the C.P.R. in 1871 to head another survey party heading west to the Chilcotin. By chance, on September 17, 1872, the two expeditions met near the mouth of Mahood Lake. Smith and Mahood spent a day together comparing their notes and sketches.</p><br>
<p>Between 1872 and 1881, about 20 survey parties fanned out across British Columbia to determine the best route for the new railway. The expeditions of Smith, Mahood and a third surveyor, Joseph Hunter, all visited what is now Wells Gray Park. When the more southern Kicking Horse Pass was chosen instead in 1881, all of these meticulously examined routes across the Canadian Cordilleran were abandoned. Only three place names in the Park recognize those 10 wasted years of surveys: Mahood River & Lake, Marcus Falls, and Murtle River & Lake (Murtle refers to Joseph Hunter&#39;s birthplace in Scotland).</p><br>
<h2>Mahood Lake Lodge</h2><br>
<p>In 1939, long-time settlers at Canim Lake, Benjie and Florence McNeil, built Mahood Lake Lodge at the west end of the lake. It was a log structure with dining room and lounge on the main floor and 13 guest rooms upstairs. For the next 20 years, the Lodge attracted celebrities for the excellent fishing in Mahood Lake and even earned a recommendation from Duncan Hines, the travel writer. The McNeils sold the Lodge in 1959 and moved to 100 Mile House where their seven children could attend school instead of relying on a correspondence education program. The Lodge burned to the ground in 1962. Mahood Lake Campground, operated by B.C. Parks, is now on the site of the Lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This deep valley was carved by glaciers, but there are remnants of lava flows north of the east end of the lake and along the Canim River upstream.</p><br>
<p>The Canim River is the major inflow. It is 8 km long, draining Canim Lake, and most of this distance is through a rugged gorge carved in lava. The river drops 142 m between the lakes, partly accounted for by two waterfalls, Canim Falls and Mahood Falls. The other major inflow is Deception Creek on the lake&#39;s north shore which has a 50 m high waterfall, Deception Falls.</p><br>
<p>The outflow from Mahood Lake is the Mahood River. It is only 7 km long and drops over Sylvia Falls and Goodwin Falls before flowing into the Clearwater River.</p><br>
<h2>Access and trails</h2><br>
<p>The only road access to Mahood Lake goes to the west end from either Little Fort on the Yellowhead Highway #5 or 100 Mile House on the Cariboo Highway #97. Mahood Lake Campground has 34 campsites and is operated by the Wells Gray Park concessionaire. It has a sandy beach and a boat launching ramp. The Mahood Lake Road ends 5 km past the campground at Deception Point which is one of only three private properties within Wells Gray Park.</p><br>
<p>There are four hiking trails near Mahood Lake Campground: Canim and Mahood Falls, Canim River, Whale Lake and Deception Falls. At the east end of Mahood Lake, there is a trail along the Mahood River past Sylvia and Goodwin Falls to the Clearwater River. Refer to Exploring Wells Gray Park for detailed descriptions and starting points.</p><br>
<p>Deadman Canyon is a glacier-carved canyon in Kings Canyon National Park. Its namesake is an Iberian sheep-herder who died and is buried there.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Deadman Canyon is located almost directly north of Elizabeth Pass, between Ranger Meadow and Scaffold Meadows, in the south-central area of the park. The canyon is surrounded by steep granite walls, and is traversed by a stream.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Plant life in the canyon include aspens and pines, along with buckwheat, sagebrush, Indian paintbrush, mariposa lily, columbine, delphinium, daisy, Mexican hat, penstemon, pennyroyal, and shooting star.</p><br>
<h2>The Grave</h2><br>
<p>Near the trail that crosses the canyon is the grave for which the canyon is named. The rustic plot is surrounded with a timber fence, and features a marker that reads, “HERE REPOSES ALFRED MONIERE, SHEEPHERDER, MOUNTAIN MAN, 18—TO 1887.” Two common versions of this man’s story exist. In one, he is murdered, and in the other, he became ill and died while his partner went to Fresno for help.</p><br>
<p>Despite the date on the marker, the February 14, 1894 issue of National Geographic states that Moniere died in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Hall  is the Gettysburg College central administrative building and the college&#39;s oldest building. Designed in 1835 by John Cresson Trautwine, it was built in 1838 as a "temple-style edifice with four columns in the portico".</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, Pennsylvania Hall was used as a hospital for wounded troops of the Union and Confederate Armies. The building is also used for the convocation and commencement traditions of entering and departing the college via building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1832 "Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg" (now Gettysburg College) initially shared the Gettysburg Academy building on High Street with the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. The college purchased 6 acres from Thaddeus Stevens for $528, and a 24 x. The hall was the only academic building until the 1847 Linnæan Hall was dedicated as a museum of Natural History (later becoming the chemistry lab then the 2nd academic gymnasium).</p><br>
<p>In the early years of its existence, Pennsylvania Hall contained the students&#39; living quarters, as well as several offices and recitation rooms. At the time of the battle of Gettysburg, the building was the largest building in town. The interior of the hall was renovated in 1869-70.</p><br>
<h3>Battle of Gettysburg</h3><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Union signal officers used the Old Dorm cupola on June 30, 1863. On July 1, Michael Jacobs, the chemistry and mathematics professor at the college led Union officers to the cupola to observe the battlefield.</p><br>
<p>Battle casualties were treated in Pennsylvania Hall through about July 29 and totaled nearly 700—many who died in the building and on surrounding property.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers of both armies were treated in Pennsylvania Hall, as control of the College shifted from Union to Confederate forces on the evening of July 1.</p><br>
<p>Nearby burials of Union soldiers were reinterred in the Gettysburg National Cemetery in the autumn and winter, and Confederate burials were reinterred in the southern cemeteries, primarily in Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia).</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania College resumed classes on September 24, 1863. Bullets, bones, human remains and bloody books were found in and around the building for many years after the end of the battle.</p><br>
<h3>Post-war</h3><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Hall interior was again renovated in 1889 A structural renovation of Pennsylvania Hall began January, 1969, to maintain the stability of the exterior walls, roof, and cupola with steel columns, girders and 5 concrete reinforced slabs (1 for each floor, including the attic). During the renovation, numerous artifacts of historical significance were recovered from behind walls and under floors.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Today, Pennsylvania Hall contains the main administrative offices of Gettysburg College. The offices of the college&#39;s president and provost are located in the building, as well as the human resources and financial services departments.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Glatfelter, Charles H. (1970; 2007).. The full text of this book, originally published in 1970 and republished with a new introduction in 2007, is available online.</p><br>
<p>The Ahearn House and Summer House are a pair of houses at 450 Pamet Point Road in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The smaller "summer house" is an early 19th-century cottage, while the main house is a subsequent construction; both are important examples of period architecture in the community. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ahearn House and Summer House occupy a single parcel of land on the north side of Pamet Point Road, a rural road in Wellfleet&#39;s northwest providing access to the Bound Brook area within Cape Cod National Seashore. The main house is a 1-1/2 story timber frame cottage, with a gable roof, exterior finished in clapboards (front) and shingles (sides), and brick foundation. It has a four-bay front facade, with the main entrance in the second bay from the left, framed by simple pilasters. The summer house is a single story timber frame cottage measuring 13 x, with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. Its front facade has a single sash window and entrance, set in the right half of the facade. A small shed-roof addition extends to one side.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built sometime after 1817, and is known to have been built by 1851, when the property was sold by Daniel Lombard, its probable builder, to Justun Williams. The house remained in the Williams family into the 20th century, when it was owned for many years by Joseph Ahearn. The house has erroneously been associated in a HABS survey with an 18th-century individual, David Curran. The summer house is of clearly older construction, and was probably standing on the property when it was purchased by Williams. It is possible this house was used as toolshed or workshop, as it resembles similar period workshops found elsewhere on Cape Cod.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah A. Ames House is an historic house on 145 Bridge Street in Barnstable, Massachusetts. Built in 1887 by a military veteran, it is notable for its association 1902–1922 with the Lincoln House of Boston, a charity providing "fresh air" opportunities to inner city youth. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah A. Ames House stands west of the village of Osterville, on the south side of Bridge Street immediately east of the bridge across the channel between North and West Bays. It is a vernacular Queen Anne Victorian wood frame house, 2-1/2 stories in height, with a shingled exterior. Its basically square plan is relieved by a cross-gabled roof, and the only other decorative note is found in the narrow segmented-arch windows in the gables.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1887 by Josiah Ames, a veteran of the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War, who was also involved in the California Gold Rush. The house was purchased by a niece of his wife in 1897, and the following year she began renting it to the Lincoln Association of Boston. This organization was established to allow inner-city children, mothers, and teachers to have recreational opportunities away from city conditions. The association purchased the house in 1902 and operated on the premises until 1922. The house as been in private residential use since then.</p><br>
<p>The Atwood–Higgins Historic District encompasses a historic property with deep colonial roots in Cape Cod National Seashore. Located on Bound Brook Island on the west side of Wellfleet, Massachusetts, the centerpiece of the district is the Thomas Atwood House, built c. 1730. The property is emblematic of Cape Cod&#39;s colonial origins and its later transformation into a summer resort area. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976; the district was listed in 2010. The property is open for guided tours by the National Park Service on a seasonal basis.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Atwood–Higgins property is located on the east side of Bound Brook Island, which is located in northwestern Wellfleet on the lower portion of Cape Cod. Set on 24 acre are a collection of buildings, most of which were built George Higgins in the 20th century. The centerpiece of the property is a typical 1-1/2 story Cape house, whose oldest portion, a "half house" three bays wide, was built in 1730 by Thomas Higgins, a distant ancestor of George Higgins. This property was owned by Higgins descendants until 1805, when it was purchased by Thomas Atwood, Sr. The last full-time resident of the house was Atwood&#39;s son Thomas, Jr. who died in 1873. After sitting vacant for many years, the house was acquired in 1919 by George Higgins and the house was given a painstaking restoration. Higgins originally claimed the house to date to the 17th century; this is not supported by the architecture or documentary record.</p><br>
<p>George Higgins, in addition to restoring the house, built a variety of outbuildings, giving the property a rustic rural feel. The buildings he built include a barn, wellhouse, guest house, and country store, all essentially in a Colonial Revival interpretation of a colonial Cape Cod farmstead. This job was made easier when the town built an improved Bound Brook Island Road, connecting the island to the mainland. Higgins and his neighbors on the island made an agreement to limit development on the island to historically compatible alterations and improvements. Higgins gave the property to the National Park Service when the Cape Cod National Seashore was created in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 2010, the listing was greatly expanded to include the 20th-century buildings and to recognize the work of George Higgins. The house is seasonally open to tours offered by the Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The Barnstable County Courthouse is an historic courthouse at 3195 Main Street in Barnstable, Massachusetts. The two-story Greek Revival building was built in 1831 to a design by noted architect Alexander Parris. It is built mostly out of Quincy granite, although its front portico and fluted Doric columns are made of wood fashioned to look like stone. The building has been expanded five times between 1879 and 1971, with each addition made in a style sensitive to its original styling, and its main courtroom features original Federal styling. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and included in the Old King&#39;s Highway Historic District in 1987. The Barnstable Superior Court is located in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is set on the south side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 6A, also known as the Old King&#39;s Highway), at the western edge of a complex housing administrative facilities of Barnstable County. The building consists of a north-facing original rectangular two-story block, behind which a series of symmetrically-arranged wings have been built. The original block, designed by the renowned architect Alexander Parris, measures 65 x, and is fashioned out of large blocks of Quincy granite. It is fronted by a Greek temple front, consisting of a triangular pediment supported by four fluted Doric columns. The temple front, including the columns, is fashioned out of wood finished to give the appearance of stone. The main courtroom has retained most of its original woodwork and trim, including some of its original furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The building has been repeatedly enlarged to meet increased need for facilities. All of these expansions continued the use of Quincy granite, giving the building a unified feel. In 1879 the building was enlarged to the rear, and in 1889 a single-story ell was added extending east from the rear. In 1906 the eastern ell was raised to two stories and a matching two-story ell was added to the west. These ells were extended further to the southwest and southeast with two-story additions in 1925. The building underwent a major rehabilitation in 1971, at which time a small addition was added to south, centered between the last two additions.</p><br>
<p>Cavallo is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea located between Corsica and Sardinia. It is politically a part of France and its recent history is tied to Corsica.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cavallo is the only inhabited island of the Lavezzi archipelago, 2.3 km from the Corsican coast, close to the Strait of Bonifacio. It is about 13 km from Sardinia. The island is French territory, though it belonged to Italy in the past. Cavallo Island is about 120 hectares in area and its highest point is 32 metres above sea level. It has a small port.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cavallo has a long history, beginning when Ancient Rome sent prisoners there to cut granite for monuments. The island was abandoned during Augustus’ empire, and remained uninhabited until a sheep and goat-herder located there in 1800. The deep sea surrounding the island hid dangerous obstacles for navigators, earning the island the nickname “The Cursed Siren.” In 1855, the French frigate Semillante, which was transporting soldiers to Crimea, sank nearby, killing all 693 on board. In 1978, Cavallo made international news when it was the scene of a shooting committed by Vittorio Emanuele, the exiled king of Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Cavallo is privately owned, but does allow limited access to outsiders. Known for golfing and sailing, there is also a commercial area with restaurants and shops, along with the luxury Hotel & Spa des Pêcheurs. Only bicycles and electric cars are allowed on the island.</p><br>
<p>Bridge Lake  is a lake in the Interlakes District of the South Cariboo region of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is the source of Bridge Creek which runs in a curving course west and then northeast to Canim Lake via the town of 100 Mile House. The lake is approximately 16 km² in area . It and its neighbours Sheridan Lake and Lac des Roches are the largest lakes along the Interlakes Highway.</p><br>
<p>The community of Bridge Lake (pop. 500) and Bridge Lake Centennial Provincial Park are located at the eastern end of the lake. Just east of Bridge Lake is Lac des Roches while just west of it is Sheridan Lake; the three are the largest lakes in the district between Canim Lake to the north and Bonaparte lake to the southeast. The basin of the Bonaparte River is just south of Bridge Lake, in the form of its tributary the Rayfield River.</p><br>
<p>Carleton Island is located in the St Lawrence River in upstate New York. It is part of the Town of Cape Vincent, in Jefferson County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally held by the Iroquois, the first European to take notice of the island was Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, in 1720. He called it Isle aux Chevreuils, the Island of Roe Bucks, and wrote in 1721 that its bays could be useful. It was also referred to as Buck Island or Deere Island. The island was renamed Carleton Island after Major General Sir Guy Carleton, Governor of the Province of Quebec. It was one of several islands in the area that were named by John Graves Simcoe after General James Wolfe&#39;s adjutants in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. The largest is Wolfe island, while the others are Howe Island, Amherst Island, and Gage Island (now Simcoe Island).</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolutionary War the British used the island as a military supply transshipment location, naval station, and for building ships. Fort Haldimand was built to defend the station and shipyard. The island also served as a base for raids against American towns and Loyalists used the island as a refuge to escape rebel persecution. After the war the island was ceded to the Americans.</p><br>
<p>The island is now used mainly for recreation and tourism purposes.</p><br>
<h3>Naval base and Fort Haldimand</h3><br>
<p>After the fall of New France at the end of the Seven Years&#39; War, maintaining inland water routes in the Great Lakes for the purpose of commerce and transportation was important to the British. With the outbreak of rebellion against the British which led to the American Revolutionary War, it became especially important to secure supply lines and military supremacy on Lake Ontario. And so the construction of a naval station became necessary. To this end, in 1778, Governor Frederick Haldimand ordered a survey to determine the best location. The former French post at Cataraqui (the present day Kingston, Ontario) and Buck Island (later renamed Carleton Island) were considered, but Buck Island was chosen because it was deemed more defensible. The island became a transshipment point for supplies, became the main base for British ships on Lake Ontario, and a fort was constructed (but never completed).</p><br>
<p>Fort Haldimand, initially called Fort Carleton, was strategically important as well as a center of shipbuilding. The fort was built in 1778 and named after British General Frederick Haldimand. It was built on the southwest end of the island, shaped as a partial octagon, and consisted of bastions, ditches, barracks and magazines. The ruins of the fort can still be seen at the southwest end of the island along northeast side of North Bay.</p><br>
<p>Several British regiments garrisoned the fort, including the Royal Artillery, the Royal Marines, Butlers Rangers, the Kings Royal Regiment of New York, and the Royal Highland Emigrants.</p><br>
<p>Three known burial grounds are located near the fort:</p><br>
<p>Military burial grounds – 25 burials located on the north side and beyond the walls of the fort.</p><br>
<p>Indian burial grounds – located on the northwest shore near the fort</p><br>
<p>Civilian burial grounds – located east of the fort</p><br>
<p>The Fort Haldimand Site is owned and protected by the Thousand Islands Land Trust, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h3>Dockyard and shipbuilding</h3><br>
<p>Projecting from the location of the fort is Government Point, notched by two small bays:</p><br>
<p>North Bay or Schank&#39;s Harbor was home to Carleton Island Dockyard, a shipyard that operated from 1774 to 1792. Likely named for John Schank, a British shipbuilder. A military dock was located on the southwest end of the bay at Aubrey Head</p><br>
<p>South Bay or Government Harbor was used by Royal Navy/Provincial Marine vessels servicing the fort until 1789.</p><br>
<p>Many ships for the war were built at the island along the southeast shores of North Bay, including the recently discovered. Other known vessels built include:</p><br>
<p>HMS Mississauga 1792 – warship</p><br>
<p>HMS Limnade 1780–81 – warship</p><br>
<p>Some vessels sunk in North Bay can be seen near the old military dock at Aubrey&#39;s Head.</p><br>
<p>When the island was ceded to the Americans, naval operations and shipbuilding activities were moved to Kingston.</p><br>
<h3>Loyalist refuge</h3><br>
<p>Since Carleton Island was in the hands of the British, Loyalists who were escaping rebel persecution fled to the island, built homes and carried on merchant businesses. Among the businessmen was future politician and judge Richard Cartwright. Another notable resident of Carleton Island who was loyal to the British Crown was Molly Brant, sister of Six Nations leader Joseph Brant. When the island was ceded to the United States after the Revolutionary War, many of these civilian residents moved to nearby Cataraqui (now Kingston, Ontario).</p><br>
<p>Merchants and their warehouses were located northwest of the fort in an area known as Merchants Cove and Merchants Point.</p><br>
<p>Loyalist forces and natives who supported the Loyalist cause used the island as a base to attack revolutionary forces. Battles in which these forces participated include Cherry Valley, and Wyoming.</p><br>
<h3>Demise</h3><br>
<p>At the close of the American War of Independence, under the terms of the Jay Treaty, the British ceded Carleton Island, along with other forts, to the Americans. The forts were apparently not, however, abandoned by the British at that time.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the fort was halted in 1783 and the post was abandoned in 1812. The ruins of the fort now consists of the outline of ramparts and barracks chimney as the forts buildings (barracks, magazine house) were made of wood and were lost over time. The fort is now covered by tree growth along the northeast shore of North Bay.</p><br>
<p>During the War of 1812, Carleton Island was captured without bloodshed by three freelancing Americans, though it was already nominally American territory due to the Jay Treaty. In 1817, the State Legislature of New York annexed the island to Jefferson County, and granted 500 acre of its land to the local New York postmaster, Charles Smyth. The island had been a haven for smugglers, and later that year a Canadian tax collector seized some tobacco from the island. This dispute escalated, and Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York threatened hostilities. Soon Secretary of State John Quincy Adams was called upon to sort out the matter. After contentious negotiations, the island was retained by the United States and was turned over to peaceful pursuits of farming (now abandoned), sport-fishing, and summer tourism. No one lives on the island year-round.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>New France 1720s–1763</p><br>
<p>Province of Quebec (British America and then British North America) 1778–1791</p><br>
<p>Upper Canada (British North America) 1792–1794</p><br>
<p>New York State 1817–present (nominally since 1794 under the Jay Treaty)</p><br>
<h2>Wyckoff Villa</h2><br>
<p>In 1890s Wyckoff Villa was built by William O. Wyckoff, a sales agent for E. Remington and Sons, who later formed the Standard Typewriter Manufacturing Company, Incorporated in 1886. Designed by William Henry Miller, the Richardsonian Romanesque-Tudor Revival hybrid mansion was occupied briefly as Wyckoff died a day after moving into the mansion in 1895. The property was briefly held by General Electric, which had intended to transform the property into a corporate retreat, however these plans were abandoned during World War II. The mansion is crumbling with a tower that has since collapsed.</p><br>
<h2>Carleton Island today</h2><br>
<p>There are 34 homes with most located along the shores of the island. The homes are connected by Carleton Island Road 1 and Carleton Island Road 2, a series of dirt trails used by residents on ATVs.</p><br>
<p>A pair of silos on one property on the southeast side of have been converted as private residences that double as observation towers. There are several abandoned boat houses located along South Bay.</p><br>
<p>The island was once served by a ferry running from the island to the village of Cape Vincent, but it is no longer in service. Today, the only way to get to the island from the mainland and surrounding islands is by private boat. Area residents use their own private boats as most homes have their own piers to dock their vessels.</p><br>
<p>Henri Freycinet Harbour also known as Freycinet Estuary is one of the inner gulfs of Shark Bay World Heritage area that lies to the west of the Peron Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>It has a significantly larger number of islands compared to Hamelin Pool – and has a number of smaller peninsulas known as &#39;prongs&#39; on its northern area. It has also been identified as a critical dugong habitat area.</p><br>
<p>It is situated within the Shark Bay Marine Park.Western Australia. Dept. of Environment and Conservation.(2007) Shark Bay terrestrial reserves and proposed reserve additions : draft management plan 2007 Department of Environment and Conservation ; Conservation Commission of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>Bentley, W.A. Dept. of Environment and Conservation maps p.254 and 255</p><br>
<p>The estuary has been dredged as part of works related to the Shark Bay Salt Joint Venture.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>* Baudin Island</p><br>
<p>* Charles Island</p><br>
<p>* Freycinet Island</p><br>
<p>* Lefebre Island</p><br>
<p>* Salutation Island</p><br>
<p>Pochuck Mountain is a ridge in the New York-New Jersey Highlands region of the Appalachian Mountains. Pochuck Mountain&#39;s summit and most of its peaks lie within Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, although the south-western portion of the ridge lies within Hardyston Township, and the north-eastern tip of the ridge extends over the New York state line into Orange County. The ridge marks the eastern edge of the Great Appalachian Valley, and it divides the watersheds of the Wallkill River and its tributary Pochuck Creek. The two rivers meet at Pochuck Neck, marking the terminus of the ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name Pochuck is a Lenape word meaning "out-of-the-way place." It may have named so because it is an outlier of the New York-New Jersey Highlands, separated from the rest of the region by the Vernon Valley. This separation gives Pochuck Mountain an unusually high prominence of approximately 695 feet.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Pochuck Mountain and Wawayanda Mountain to the east form the borders of the Vernon Valley, an important farming and mining area of New Jersey drained by Pochuck Creek. Immediately to the northwest of the ridge lies the Black Dirt Region, which is drained by the Wallkill River. Both valleys are part of an elongated lowland region known as the Great Appalachian Valley that divides the Appalachian Mountains for hundreds of miles. Due to the unusual positioning of Pochuck Mountain relative to the neighboring mountains, the Vernon Valley is somewhat of an isolated prong of the rest of the Great Appalachian Valley.</p><br>
<h3>Watershed</h3><br>
<p>As the entire mountain is drained by the Wallkill River and its tributary Pochuck Creek, the region lies completely within the Wallkill River watershed. The Wallkill River flows northeast until it joins Rondout Creek near Rifton, New York. Rondout Creek then tributes the Hudson River in Kingston, New York. The Hudson River ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean via the New York Harbor.</p><br>
<p>Lakes on Pochuck Mountain include Lake Glenwood, Lake Pochung, Lake Wallkill, Pleasant Valley Lake, Tall Timbers Lake, Lake Panorama, Louemma Lake, and Scenic Lakes (2 manmade lakes in the Scenic Lakes community). Their waters are used for a variety of recreational purposes including fishing, swimming, boating and ice skating.</p><br>
<h3>Mountain passes</h3><br>
<p>Lake Pochung Road separates the summit from the ridge&#39;s southwestern peaks.</p><br>
<p>CR 565 (Glenwood Road) separates the summit from the ridge&#39;s northern peaks.</p><br>
<p>CR 641 (Drew Mountain Road) separates the summit from the ridge&#39;s northeastern peaks.</p><br>
<p>Glenwood Mountain Road separates several of the ridge&#39;s northeastern peaks.</p><br>
<h3>Appalachian Trail</h3><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail runs over the top of the ridge within Wawayanda State Park, north of the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Pochuck Mountain is part of the Reading Prong of the New England Uplands subprovince of the New England province of the Appalachian Highlands. In fact, it is the northernmost ridge of the Reading Prong in New Jersey. The rocks that form Pochuck Mountain are comprised from the same belt that make up nearby Wawayanda Mountain. This belt consists of ancient crystalline metamorphic rocks. As such, the New England province as a whole, along with the similarly composed Blue Ridge province further south, are often together referred to as the Crystalline Appalachians.</p><br>
<p>The Crystalline Appalachians extend as far north as the Green Mountains of Vermont and as far south as the Blue Ridge Mountains, although a segment of the belt between the Reading Prong and South Mountain in Pennsylvania does not break the Earth&#39;s surface. The Crystalline Appalachians are distinct from the parallel Sedimentary Appalachians which run from Georgia to New York. The nearby Kittatinny Mountains are representative of these sedimentary formations.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the Reading Prong in New Jersey are known to contain Uranium deposits, linked to reported Radon contamination in certain residential areas developed on the prong. The naturally occurring Radon (Ra) is a product of the decay chain of the Uranium isotope U.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Mammals inhabiting Pochuck Mountain include black bear, white-tailed deer, opossum, foxes, raccoons, squirrels, skunk, bats, chipmunks, groundhogs and field mice.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>While the developed portions of Pochuck Mountain have largely been put to residential use, the mountain and its foothills have historically been a center for mining. In 1871, the South Vernon extension of the Sussex Railroad from Hamburg to McAfee (paralleling present-day Route 94) serviced iron ore mining operations on the east side of the ridge in Vernon Township. Today, a substantial portion of the southwestern face of the ridge near Scenic Lakes is being used by Raia Industries to support gneiss mining, which has raised substantial concern among local residents with regard to environmental degradation and habitat loss for native and migratory species.</p><br>
<p>The Confederate Monument in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky is an 8 ft figure which was built in 1894 by the Kentucky Women&#39;s Monumental Association, a predecessor of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, an organization founded in that year. Its governing body is the government of Lawrenceburg.</p><br>
<p>It shows a Confederate soldier dressed in a winter coat with a rifle held vertically before him. Around the pedestal of the monument may be found the names of the Confederate regiments raised in Anderson County and a list of those men wounded or killed during the war.</p><br>
<p>There were a few Civil War skirmishes at Lawrenceburg, The Battle of Lawrenceburg and the Battle of Dog Walk, just before the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. In particular, the Union Ninth Kentucky Cavalry fought the Confederate cavalry under Colonel Scott on October 6, 1862. Confederate troops that would control Frankfort had marched through the town. In later years, the local area saw guerrilla warfare, which force the creation of a Union Home Guard unit in the town.</p><br>
<p>On July 17, 1997, the Lawrenceburg Confederate Monument was one of sixty different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. It is one of ten monuments of soldiers in the Multiple Property Submission on a courthouse lawn</p><br>
<p>The Kentucky Women&#39;s Monumental Association was a predecessor of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, an organization founded in 1894. The Kentucky association was one of a number formed to honor "the dead of those who fought for the Southern cause", addressing "the specter of death hung over the South."</p><br>
<p>The United Daughters of the Confederacy, a unified association that was a successor, actually was named National Association of the Daughters of the Confederacy from 1894 to 1895. It is directly credited with 15 monuments now listed on the USA National Register.</p><br>
<p>In recent years the UDC has been in the news for winning a court case with Vanderbilt University over continued use of Confederate Memorial Hall as the name of a building financed by the UDC.</p><br>
<p>The Zero Gravity Research Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio is a unique facility designed to perform tests in a reduced gravity environment. It has successfully supported research for the United States manned spacecraft programs and numerous unmanned projects. The facility uses vertical drop tests in a vacuum chamber to investigate the behavior of components, systems, liquids, gases, and combustion in such circumstances.</p><br>
<p>The facility consists of a concrete-lined shaft, 28 ft in diameter, that extends 510 ft below ground level. A steel vacuum chamber, 20 ft in diameter and 470 ft high, is contained within the concrete shaft. The pressure in this vacuum chamber is reduced to 13.3 newtons per square meter (1.3atm) before use.</p><br>
<p>The service building at the top of the shaft contains a shop area, control room, and a clean room. Assembly, servicing, and balancing of the experiment vehicle are accomplished in the shop area. Tests are conducted from the control room, which contains controls for the "pump down" of the vacuum chamber, the experiment vehicle pre-drop checkout, release and the data retrieval system.</p><br>
<p>The William R. Thorsen House, often referred to as the Thorsen House, was built in 1909 in Berkeley, California for William Randolph Thorsen  and his wife Caroline Canfield Thorsen . Designed by Henry and Charles Greene, of the renowned Pasadena firm of Greene & Greene, in the American Craftsman style of the Arts and Crafts Movement. The house is considered as the last of four Greene & Greene designed ultimate bungalows and is the only one located in Northern California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Thorsen was a lumber baron from Michigan who retired to California and purchased a lot in Berkeley, California. His wife, Caroline, was the younger sister of Nellie Canfield Blacker, owner of the Robert R. Blacker House in Pasadena, California. The entry hall is paneled in Burmese teak while the living and dining rooms are paneled in Honduras Mahogany with ebony pegs covering the screws. The fireplace in the living room is surrounded with mauve Grueby tiles. The front door contains leaded art glass in the pattern of a gnarled grape vine, executed by Emil Lange, who also worked with the Greenes on the Gamble House. The Greenes were originally commissioned to make furniture for the dining room, but they were later called back to make additional pieces.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and tours</h2><br>
<p>The Thorson estate was sold to the California chapter of Sigma Phi Society for $29,000 in 1942.</p><br>
<p>Sigma Phi Society is currently raising funds for an extensive $10 million restoration and seismic upgrade. The active members of the Sigma Phi Society are students at U.C. Berkeley and are primarily responsible for upkeep of the house under the guidance of architectural experts. Students living in the house have produced some replica furniture in the dining hall. Several contractors are working with the society to restore the house to its original state.</p><br>
<p>The Thorsen House can be toured throughout the week on an informal basis. Visitors should contact the Thorsen House via its webpage or simply knock on the door.</p><br>
<p>Broad Street – Davis Park Historic District is a historic district in the borough of Danielson, in the town of Killingly, Connecticut. The district includes Davis Park, a 1.9 acre triangular park created in 1890 and bounded by Main, Reynolds, and Broad Streets.</p><br>
<p>The district as a whole is 30 acre in size. It includes examples of Stick/Eastlake, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival architectural styles and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It includes 95 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and four contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>The district is significant for its architecture, which includes many examples of Victorian architecture with rich detailing. The buildings in the district also reflect the institutions and people responsible with the development of Danielson. The town&#39;s growth began in 1809, when brothers James and Hezekiah Danielson built a cotton spinning mill, and was further fueled by other textile mills, the completion of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad through town in 1830, the establishment of other businesses, and the expansion of the textile mills from the 1850s onward. The houses in the Broad Street-Davis Park area were built by middle and upper-class residents, who chose the latest architectural styles and built large houses. The area also was above the river terrace, providing fine views and flood protection.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Old Killingly High School building, which is separately listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>Quinebaug Mill–Quebec Square Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by the Quinebaug River, Quebec Square, and Elm and S. Main Streets in the town of Brooklyn  in Windham County, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The district is primarily located within the census-designated place of East Brooklyn and is within the village of Quebec. It consists of the weave shed built by the Quinebaug Mill Company and the surrounding residential area known as Quebec village.</p><br>
<p>The district includes examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Quinebaug Mill was built by Amos D. Lockwood starting in 1851 on the Quinebaug River, near the site of an 1820 Tiffany Mill. The Quinebaug Mill became one of the largest and most complete cotton mills in Connecticut by the end of the 19th century. Most of the mill was destroyed by fire, but the weave shed and the houses for workers survived. The housing area, which dates back from 1881, was rebuilt as low-cost housing in 1984 and contains six brick row houses, each containing eight apartments, surrounding a green space.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is considered to be a well-preserved example of a textile mill village, a type of company town that was once common in eastern Connecticut.</p><br>
